Vuex4源码解析

Vuex是在Vue中常用的状态管理库,在Vue3发布后,这个状态管理库也随之发出了适配Vue3的Vuex4

快速过Vuex3.x原理

  • 为什么每个组件都可以通过this.$store访问到store数据?
    • 在beforeCreate时,通过mixin的方式注入了store
  • 为什么Vuex中的数据都是响应式的
    • 创建store的时候调用的是new Vue,创建了一个Vue实例,相当于借用了Vue的响应式。
  • mapXxxx是怎么获取到store中的数据和方法的
    • mapXxxx只是一个语法糖,底层实现也是从$store中获取然后返回到computed / methods中。

Vuex4使用

Vue.useStore

  • 在Vue3 Composition API中使用Vuex
import { useStore } from 'vuex'

export default{
setup(){
const store = useStore();
}
}

Vuex4原理探究

去除冗余代码看本质

Vuex4是怎么注入Vue的

install

  • Vuex是以插件的形式在Vue中使用的,在createApp时调用install安装
    • 也就是我们常用的Vue.use函数
      • 插件列表中加入plugin
      • 执行plugin的安装函数
// Vue3源码 app.use

export function createAppAPI<HostElement>(
render: RootRenderFunction,
hydrate?: RootHydrateFunction
): CreateAppFunction<HostElement> {
return function createApp(rootComponent, rootProps = null) {

// 省略部分代码....
const app: App = (context.app = {
_uid: uid++,
_component: rootComponent as ConcreteComponent,
_props: rootProps,
_container: null,
_context: context,

version,

// 省略部分代码....

use(plugin: Plugin, ...options: any[]) {
if (installedPlugins.has(plugin)) {
__DEV__ && warn(`Plugin has already been applied to target app.`)
} else if (plugin && isFunction(plugin.install)) {
installedPlugins.add(plugin)
plugin.install(app, ...options)
} else if (isFunction(plugin)) {
installedPlugins.add(plugin)
plugin(app, ...options)
} else if (__DEV__) {
warn(
`A plugin must either be a function or an object with an "install" ` +
`function.`
)
}
return app
},
// 省略部分代码 ....
}
}
  • Store 类的install,两种实现分别为挂载到全局和组件内访问
    • 实现通过inject获取
      • 详情见下文app.provide讲解
    • 实现this.$store获取
      • 将store挂载到全局properties
// Vuex4实现插件install
install (app, injectKey) {
// 实现通过inject获取
app.provide(injectKey || storeKey, this)
// 实现this.$store获取
app.config.globalProperties.$store = this

Provide / Inject架构示意图

img

下面接着看provide实现

app.provide实现

  • 每个Vue组件都有一个context上下文对象
  • 对context上下文中的provides对象进行赋值
  • createAppContext是一个创建App上下文函数
    • 返回体中是一个具有一些常见的Option(mixins、components等)
    • Vue的插件实现最主要的为其中一项provides,具体实现方式为:
      • 将插件通过key / value的形式挂载到app上下文的provides对象上
      • inject时,通过存入的key进行取出
// Vue3 app.provide实现
provide(key, value) {
// 已存在则警告
if (__DEV__ && (key as string | symbol) in context.provides) {
warn(
`App already provides property with key "${String(key)}". ` +
`It will be overwritten with the new value.`
)
}
// 将store放入context的provide中
context.provides[key as string] = value
return app
}

// context相关 context为上下文对象
const context = createAppContext()
export function createAppContext(): AppContext {
return {
app: null as any,
config: {
isNativeTag: NO,
performance: false,
globalProperties: {},
optionMergeStrategies: {},
errorHandler: undefined,
warnHandler: undefined,
compilerOptions: {}
},
mixins: [],
components: {},
directives: {},
provides: Object.create(null)
}
}

useStore的实现

function useStore (key = null) {
return inject(key !== null ? key : storeKey)
}

Vue.provide

  • Vue的provide API也比较简单,相当于直接通过key/value赋值
  • 当前实例provides和父级实例provides相同时,通过原型链建立连接
// Vue3 provide实现
function provide<T>(key: InjectionKey<T> | string | number, value: T) {
if (!currentInstance) {
if (__DEV__) {
warn(`provide() can only be used inside setup().`)
}
} else {
let provides = currentInstance.provides
const parentProvides =
currentInstance.parent && currentInstance.parent.provides
if (parentProvides === provides) {
provides = currentInstance.provides = Object.create(parentProvides)
}
// TS doesn't allow symbol as index type
provides[key as string] = value
}
}

Vue.inject

  • 通过provide时存入的key取出store
  • 有父级实例则取父级实例的provides,没有则取根实例的provides
// Vue3 inject实现
function inject(
key: InjectionKey<any> | string,
defaultValue?: unknown,
treatDefaultAsFactory = false
) {
const instance = currentInstance || currentRenderingInstance
if (instance) {
// 有父级实例则取父级实例的provides,没有则取根实例的provides
const provides =
instance.parent == null
? instance.vnode.appContext && instance.vnode.appContext.provides
: instance.parent.provides

// 通过provide时存入的key取出store
if (provides && (key as string | symbol) in provides) {
return provides[key as string]
}
// 省略一部分代码......
}
}

注入

  • 为什么每个组件实例都有Store对象了?
    • 在创建组件实例的时候注入了provides
      • 优先注入父级provides
      • 兜底为注入app上下文的provides
function createComponentInstance(vnode, parent, suspense) {
const type = vnode.type;
const appContext = (parent ? parent.appContext : vnode.appContext) || emptyAppContext;
const instance = {
parent,
appContext,
// ...
provides: parent ? parent.provides : Object.create(appContext.provides),
// ...
}
// ...
return instance;
}

可从vue中引入provide、inject、getCurrentInstance等API进行库开发 / 高阶用法,这里不过多赘述。

Vuex4执行机制

createStore

  • 从createStore开始看起
    • 可以发现Vuex4中的state是通过reactive API去创建的响应式数据,Vuex3中是通过new Vue实例
    • dispatch、commit的实现基本是封装了一层执行,底层也是通过store去执行,不用过于关心
    • 而Vuex4的响应式实现,同样是借用了Vue3的响应式API reactive
// Vuex4源码

export function createStore (options) {
return new Store(options)
}
class Store{
constructor (options = {}){
// 省略若干代码...
this._committing = false
this._actions = Object.create(null)
this._actionSubscribers = []
this._mutations = Object.create(null)
this._wrappedGetters = Object.create(null)
this._modules = new ModuleCollection(options)
this._modulesNamespaceMap = Object.create(null)
this._subscribers = []
this._makeLocalGettersCache = Object.create(null)

// bind commit and dispatch to self
const store = this
const { dispatch, commit } = this
this.dispatch = function boundDispatch (type, payload) {
return dispatch.call(store, type, payload)
}
this.commit = function boundCommit (type, payload, options) {
return commit.call(store, type, payload, options)
}


const state = this._modules.root.state
installModule(this, state, [], this._modules.root);
resetStoreState(this, state)

// 省略若干代码...
}
}
function resetStoreState (store, state, hot) {
// 省略若干代码...
store._state = reactive({
data: state
})
// 省略若干代码...
}

installModule

installModule主要为按序初始化各模块,主要功能代码已高亮

  1. Mutation

  2. Action

  3. Getter

  4. Child(install)

// Vuex4
function installModule (store, rootState, path, module, hot) {
const isRoot = !path.length
const namespace = store._modules.getNamespace(path)

// register in namespace map
if (module.namespaced) {
if (store._modulesNamespaceMap[namespace] && __DEV__) {
console.error(`[vuex] duplicate namespace ${namespace} for the namespaced module ${path.join('/')}`)
}
store._modulesNamespaceMap[namespace] = module
}

// set state
if (!isRoot && !hot) {
const parentState = getNestedState(rootState, path.slice(0, -1))
const moduleName = path[path.length - 1]
store._withCommit(() => {
if (__DEV__) {
if (moduleName in parentState) {
console.warn(
`[vuex] state field "${moduleName}" was overridden by a module with the same name at "${path.join('.')}"`
)
}
}
parentState[moduleName] = module.state
})
}

const local = module.context = makeLocalContext(store, namespace, path)

module.forEachMutation((mutation, key) => {
const namespacedType = namespace + key
registerMutation(store, namespacedType, mutation, local)
})

module.forEachAction((action, key) => {
const type = action.root ? key : namespace + key
const handler = action.handler || action
registerAction(store, type, handler, local)
})

module.forEachGetter((getter, key) => {
const namespacedType = namespace + key
registerGetter(store, namespacedType, getter, local)
})

module.forEachChild((child, key) => {
installModule(store, rootState, path.concat(key), child, hot)
})
}

订阅机制

看完了Vuex4是如何安装和注入的,最后来看看Vuex的订阅机制是如何实现的

  • 和订阅机制有关的方法主要有
    • 订阅:subscribe、subscribeAction,分别用于订阅Mutation和Action
    • 执行:commit、dispatch,分别用于执行
  • 数据项有:_actionSubscribers、_subscribers

subscribe

订阅 store 的 mutation。handler 会在每个 mutation 完成后调用,接收 mutation 和经过 mutation 后的状态作为参数

所有的订阅callback都会被放入this._subscribers,可通过prepend选项选择放入队头 / 队尾。

  1. 将callback推入订阅数组
  2. 返回一个取消订阅的函数
// 用法   该方法会返回一个取消订阅的函数
store.subscribe((action, state) => {
console.log(action.type)
console.log(action.payload)
}, { prepend: true })

// subscribe Vuex4源码实现
subscribe (fn, options) {
return genericSubscribe(fn, this._subscribers, options)
}

function genericSubscribe (fn, subs, options) {
if (subs.indexOf(fn) < 0) {
options && options.prepend
? subs.unshift(fn)
: subs.push(fn)
}
return () => {
const i = subs.indexOf(fn)
if (i > -1) {
subs.splice(i, 1)
}
}
}

接着看看commit执行时如何触发这些订阅的callback

image-20210905101036157

  1. 执行需commit的函数
  2. 依次执行this._subscribers中的订阅callback
// commit实现
commit (_type, _payload, _options) {
// check object-style commit
const {
type,
payload,
options
} = unifyObjectStyle(_type, _payload, _options)

const mutation = { type, payload }
const entry = this._mutations[type]

// 执行需commit的函数
this._withCommit(() => {
entry.forEach(function commitIterator (handler) {
handler(payload)
})
})x

// 执行订阅函数
this._subscribers
.slice() // shallow copy to prevent iterator invalidation if subscriber synchronously calls unsubscribe
.forEach(sub => sub(mutation, this.state))

// 省略若干代码....
}

subscribeAction

订阅 store 的 action。handler 会在每个 action 分发的时候调用并接收 action 描述和当前的 store 的 state 这两个参数

可订阅:执行前、执行后和错误

  1. 将订阅对象推入this._actionSubscribers
  2. 返回一个取消订阅函数
// 用法
store.subscribeAction({
before: (action, state) => {
console.log(`before action ${action.type}`)
},
after: (action, state) => {
console.log(`after action ${action.type}`)
},
error: (action, state, error) => {
console.log(`error action ${action.type}`)
console.error(error)
}
}, { prepend: true })

// Vuex4源码实现
subscribeAction (fn, options) {
const subs = typeof fn === 'function' ? { before: fn } : fn
return genericSubscribe(subs, this._actionSubscribers, options)
}

function genericSubscribe (fn, subs, options) {
if (subs.indexOf(fn) < 0) {
options && options.prepend
? subs.unshift(fn)
: subs.push(fn)
}
return () => {
const i = subs.indexOf(fn)
if (i > -1) {
subs.splice(i, 1)
}
}
}

dispatch执行时如何触发这些订阅函数?

image-20210905101145134

// Vuex4源码实现
dispatch (_type, _payload) {
// check object-style dispatch
const {
type,
payload
} = unifyObjectStyle(_type, _payload)

const action = { type, payload }
const entry = this._actions[type]
if (!entry) {
if (__DEV__) {
console.error(`[vuex] unknown action type: ${type}`)
}
return
}

// before订阅执行
try {
this._actionSubscribers
.slice() // shallow copy to prevent iterator invalidation if subscriber synchronously calls unsubscribe
.filter(sub => sub.before)
.forEach(sub => sub.before(action, this.state))
} catch (e) {
if (__DEV__) {
console.warn(`[vuex] error in before action subscribers: `)
console.error(e)
}
}

// action执行
const result = entry.length > 1
? Promise.all(entry.map(handler => handler(payload)))
: entry[0](payload)

return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
result.then(res => {
// after订阅执行
try {
this._actionSubscribers
.filter(sub => sub.after)
.forEach(sub => sub.after(action, this.state))
} catch (e) {
if (__DEV__) {
console.warn(`[vuex] error in after action subscribers: `)
console.error(e)
}
}
resolve(res)
}, error => {
// error订阅执行
try {
this._actionSubscribers
.filter(sub => sub.error)
.forEach(sub => sub.error(action, this.state, error))
} catch (e) {
if (__DEV__) {
console.warn(`[vuex] error in error action subscribers: `)
console.error(e)
}
}
reject(error)
})
})
}

一句话总结

Vuex3 -> Vuex4,主要实现方式将mixin注入改为了provides / inject的方式注入。

Provide / Inject 不仅用于Vuex实现,同样可以用于深层组件的数据传递

提示:provideinject 绑定并不是可响应的。这是刻意为之的。然而,如果你传入了一个可监听的对象,那么其对象的 property 还是可响应的。

掘金:前端LeBron

知乎:前端LeBron

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